Missense variant in the major renal urate transporter; the Arg265 (C) allele is associated with less efficient urate excretion, elevating serum uric acid and gout risk, with the strongest effects in East Asian populations and in women

Intronic variant in beta-adducin modulating renal Na+/K+-ATPase trafficking and sodium reabsorption, associated with hypertension susceptibility in a Japanese GWAS

Missense variant in the fibrinogen beta chain that elevates circulating fibrinogen levels and alters fibrin network architecture, with sex-specific effects on hypertension risk in men

Regulates triglyceride metabolism through effects on APOC3 expression in the 3'UTR

Lipid transport variant that impairs VLDL secretion, creating a paradoxical trade-off between liver and heart health

Vitamin D binding protein variant that determines VDBP isoform, affecting vitamin D transport, bioavailability, and supplementation response

Second functional variant in glutathione S-transferase Pi 1, reducing enzyme activity to ~80% of normal and defining key GSTP1 haplotypes that affect detoxification capacity and cancer susceptibility

Common coding variant in the HNF1A transcription factor dimerization domain that modestly reduces beta-cell function and transactivation activity, raising LDL cholesterol and lowering CRP, while increasing type 2 diabetes risk in normal-weight individuals and accelerating diabetes onset in MODY3 carriers

SNCA 3′-region variant in the extended 3′ UTR that affects alpha-synuclein mRNA stability and expression, consistently associated with Parkinson's disease risk across Asian and European populations

Intronic variant in ZMYM4, a chromatin-remodeling transcription factor whose locus is associated with body fat distribution (waist-hip ratio, BMI-adjusted waist circumference) and immune regulation; rare deleterious ZMYM4 variants are enriched in severely obese children.