Intergenic variant near MGST1 that modifies whether aspirin/NSAIDs reduce colorectal cancer risk; T allele carriers may lose the protective benefit

Intronic variant near the MEF2C transcription factor locus associated with increased risk of major depressive disorder through altered neuronal synapse regulation

Intronic variant in PCSK1 that tags the Q665E-S690T functional haplotype, reducing prohormone convertase 1/3 activity and impairing processing of proinsulin to insulin and POMC to satiety peptides

Cardiac myosin-binding protein variant strongly associated with endurance athlete status and elevated VO2max

3'UTR variant that controls GDF15 expression via microRNA regulation — C allele raises baseline GDF15 (metabolic and atherosclerosis risk); G allele lowers it (increased pregnancy nausea sensitivity)

GDF15 signal-peptide missense variant that tags a haplotype influencing circulating GDF15 levels — a stress-responsive cytokine driving appetite suppression, nausea, and cardiometabolic stress signaling via the brainstem GFRAL receptor

Strongly increases risk of age-related macular degeneration through impaired complement regulation on retinal cells and drusen formation

Missense variant in MTCH2 that reduces mitochondrial metabolic efficiency, increasing risk for obesity and sleep disruption through impaired energy substrate switching

A 3' UTR variant in PIWIL1 that alters miRNA binding to the transcript and modifies PIWIL1 expression; the T allele is associated with decreased epithelial ovarian cancer susceptibility in southern Chinese women, consistent with PIWIL1's role in piRNA-mediated genome stability in ovarian follicular cells

Intergenic regulatory variant near IFNLR1 that contacts GRHL3 via chromatin looping in keratinocytes — the C (risk) allele is associated with psoriasis susceptibility, linking type III interferon receptor signaling and epidermal barrier transcription factor control at the same locus